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However, equally important was the means by which a shell was timed to detonate when it reached its target. Robert Parrott further modified the West Point experiment by creating a self-contained plunger. A 100-pounder, along with a 200-pounder, fired heavy shells at a rugged peak called Crows Nest.

These Navy arms can be easily identified by the anchor, which is found on the tube between the trunnions. Confederate projectiles with this body style should be properly referred to as Read-Parrott's. However the Army model was too large and heavy for convenient use at sea. Only three Parrotts of this caliber were utilized in the War Between the States. But iron had its drawbacks, too. The Navy looked on the large caliber arms with much disdain. Although both had a blunt ogive, one version rounded to the flattened nose, while the other had more of a step. (Note, as with the Schenkl, the typically smaller windage for a rifled projectile.) These were to be patterned after a Federal Gun seized at First Manassas. This problem in design was addressed with a variety of solutions. It was invented by a steadfast unionist, Captain Robert Parker Parrott, just prior to the war.The Swamp Angel, perhaps the most famous Parrott rifle, used Berney's as well as Short's version of Greek Fire in the siege of Charleston. In fact, Tredgar's greatest rate of production took place during the month of April prior to this battle. Parrott's creation was significant because it expanded the life of rifled cannons.
CAN14 – Parrott Rifle, 3/4 scale, 2-1/4″ bore, 500#, 58″ long. Southern churches woefully sacrifice their bells for these tubes. It was sent to the State of Virginia, which need them as a result of John Brown's Raid at Harper's Ferry. The Union army agreed that this was best for they no longer needed them. Parrott's experimentation soon begat a series of field guns that were adopted by the US Army in 10-, 20-, 32-, 100-, 150-, 200-, 250- and 300-pounder forms.

He graduated with honors in 1824 and was third in his class. The Navy looked on the large caliber arms with much disdain. However he never stopped trying to improve fuses and projectiles until his death on December 24, 1877.Bolts were also used in Parrott rifles and came in two general styles.

Colonel Quincy Adams Gillmore challenged General Totten's opinion that "The work could not be reduced in a month's firing with any number of manageable calibers."

He said, "If I were a younger man I should return to the army, and do what I could to aid my country there; but at my age, and position I am denied the opportunity of helping the government in that way. After the climax of The Seven Days Battle, Malvern Hill proved once again the superiority of Union Artillery over Confederate pieces. It proved its value to the United States early on in the war at Fort Pulaski. Not a single serviceable Confederate gun with a direct line of sight remained in action by 2:30 p.m., just one half hour after the barrage began. At the Military Academy he served a wide variety of positions starting as Assistant Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy. The grooves of a rifled cannon forced the projectile to fly in a spiral motion. This Federal Parrott shell is 3.63 inches in diameter, for firing from a 20-pounder Parrott rifle with a 3.67 inch bore. There, Capt. The tube was rotated horizontally on rollers while the band cooled in place.
Furthermore, every charge the South attempted to make up the bloody slopes of Malvern Hill was repulsed by the superior Union guns before the Confederates were even in range with their muskets. A 100-pounder, along with a 200-pounder, fired heavy shells at a rugged peak called Crows Nest. Although bronze was a strong, stable material for cannon manufacture, it was relatively soft.